Decision

197 v. Barangan

G.R. No. 113092 · 1994-09-01 · LawPhil

236 SCRA 197, 206-207 [Per J. Regalado, Second Division]; German v. Barangan, 220 Phil. 189, 202 (1985) [Per J. Escolin, En Banc]; Gerona v. Secretary of Education, 106 Phil. 2, 9-10 (1959) [Per J. Montemayor, En Banc].…

En Banc]. (https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/am10-4-19-scso2017.html#rnt12l) OCA Memorandum dated August 7, 2014, p. 9.

(https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/am10-4-19-scso2017.html#rnt13l) Ponencia, pp. 12-13. (https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/am10-4-19-scso2017.html#rnt14l) 158 Phil. 60 (1974) [Per J. Zaldivar, En Banc]. Members of Iglesia ni Cristo are not allowed to affiliate with labor organizations.

(https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/am10-4-19-scso2017.html#rnt15l) 292 Phil. 267 (1993) [Per J. Griño-Aquino, En Banc]. Members of Jehovah's Witnesses believe that saluting the flag, singing the National Anthem, and reciting the patriotic pledge constitute acts of worship not due to the State. (https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/am10-4-19-scso2017.html#rnt16l) Ponencia, p.

15. (https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/am10-4-19-scso2017.html#rnt17l) Id. at 15-16 (https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/am10-4-19-scso2017.html#rnt18l) Id.

at 19-20. (https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/am10-4-19-scso2017.html#rnt19l) Re: Request of Muslim Employees in the Different Courts in Iligan City (Re: Office Hours), 514 Phil. 31, 38-39 (2005) [Per J. Callejo, Sr., En Banc]; Estrada v. Escritor, 455 Phil. 411, 537-538 (2003) [Per J. Puno, En Banc]; Centeno v. Villalon-Pornillos, G.R. No. 113092, September 1, 1994, 236 SCRA 197, 206-207 [Per J. Regalado, Second Division]; German v. Barangan, 220 Phil. 189, 202 (1985) [Per J. Escolin, En Banc]; Gerona v. Secretary of Education, 106 Phil. 2, 9-10 (1959) [Per J. Montemayor, En Banc]. (https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/am10-4-19-scso2017.html#rnt20l) 455 Phil. 411, 506 (2003) [Per J. Puno, En Banc].

(https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/am10-4-19-scso2017.html#rnt21l) Id. at 137. (https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/am10-4-19-scso2017.html#rnt22l) Id.

at 148. (https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/am10-4-19-scso2017.html#rnt23l) Id. at 148-149.

(https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/am10-4-19-scso2017.html#rnt24l) Id. at 137. (https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/am10-4-19-scso2017.html#rnt25l) The ponencia was concurred in by the Chief Justice Davide, Jr., and Associate Justices AustriaMartinez, Corona, Azcuna, and Tinga.

(https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/am10-4-19-scso2017.html#rnt26l) Associate Justices Bellosillo and Vitug. (https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/am10-4-19-scso2017.html#rnt27l) Associate Justices Ynares-Santiago and Carpio wrote their separate dissenting opinions. Associate Justices Panganiban, Carpio-Morales, and Callejo, Sr. joined the dissenting opinion of Associate Justice Carpio.

(https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/am10-4-19-scso2017.html#rnt28l) Victoriano v. Elizalde Rope Workers' Union, 158 Phil. 60, 83 (1974) [Per J. Zaldivar, En Banc] citing Board of Education v. Allen, 392 U.S. 236, 20 L. ed. 2d, 1060, 88 S. Ct. 1923.

See Aglipay v. Ruiz, 64 Phil. 201 (1937) [Per J. Laurel, En Banc]. (https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/am10-4-19-scso2017.html#rnt29l) Victoriano v. Elizalde Rope Workers' Union, 158 Phil. 60, 83 (1974) [Per J. Zaldivar, En Banc] citing Board of Education v. Allen, 392 U.S. 236, 20 L. ed. 2d, 1060, 88 S. Ct.

1923. (https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/am10-4-19-scso2017.html#rnt30l) Estrada v. Escritor, 455 Phil. 411, 506 (2003) [Per J. Puno, En Banc] citing Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S.602,613(197li (https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/am10-4-19-scso2017.html#rnt31l) 64 Phil. 201 (1937) [Per J. Laurel, First Division]. (https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/am10-4-19-scso2017.html#rnt32l) Id.

at 209. (https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/am10-4-19-scso2017.html#rnt33l) Estrada v. Escritor, 455 Phil.

411, 506 (2003) [Per J. Puno, En Banc]. In this case, this Court mentions the concept of"excessive entanglement" which appears in Lemon v. Kurtzman, 403 U.S. 602, 613 (1971).

In Lemon v. Kurtzman, it was noted that the way to determine whether government entanglement with religion is excessive is by "[examining] the character and purposes of the institutions that are benefited, the nature of the aid that the State provides, and the resulting relationship between the government and the religious authority." (https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/am10-4-19-scso2017.html#rnt34l) Justice de Castro's Concurring Opinion, p. 15, where Justice de Castro stated that "[i]s religion without any redeeming value or beneficial effect insofar as public service is concerned?"

(https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/am10-4-19-scso2017.html#rnt35l) Justice Jardeleza's Reflections, p. 19. (https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/am10-4-19-scso2017.html#rnt36l) Id.

at 20. (https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/am10-4-19-scso2017.html#rnt37l) Id. at 19.

(https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/am10-4-19-scso2017.html#rnt38l) Lemon v. Kurtzman, 402 US 613, 625 (1971). (https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/am10-4-19-scso2017.html#rnt39l) Justice Jardeleza's Reflections, p. 12, citing County of Allegheny v. ACLU, 492 U.S. 573 (l 989).

(https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/am10-4-19-scso2017.html#rnt40l) Justice de Castro's Concurring Opinion, p. 15. (https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/am10-4-19-scso2017.html#rnt41l) Id.

at 16. (https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/am10-4-19-scso2017.html#rnt42l) Id. The ponencia states: The word "apply"

means "to use or employ for a particular purpose." "Appropriate" means "to prescribe a particular use for particular moneys or to designate or destine a fund or property for a distinct use, or for the payment ofa particular demand."

(https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/am10-4-19-scso2017.html#rnt43l) Id. (https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/am10-4-19-scso2017.html#rnt44l) 158 Phil. 60 (1974) [Per J. Zaldivar, En Banc]. (https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/am10-4-19-scso2017.html#rnt45l) 292 Phil. 267 (1993) [Per J. Griño-Aquino, En Banc].

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