Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998 emphasis on Prohibitions and Penalties

Section 130

The Department is hereby empowered to impose the administrative fines and penalties provided in this Code. For this purpose, the Department shall organize and designate the composition of the Adjudication Committee, which shall be composed of the bureau director as chairperson and four (4) other members to be designated by the Secretary. The Adjudication Committee shall be supported by sufficient number of staff to enable it to perform its mandate. The Committee shall promulgate rules and regulations for the conduct of administrative adjudication and the disposition of confiscated catch, gears, equipment and other paraphernalia. It shall also issue subpoena duces tecum and ad testificandum in administrative cases before it.

Section 131

The Department shall, on its own instance or upon verified complaint by any person, institute administrative proceedings against any person who violates any order, rule or regulation issued by the Department, pursuant to this Code.

Section 132

Power to Issue Cease and Desist Orders and to Summarily Evict Without the Necessity of Judicial Order. – The Department shall, subject to the requirements of administrative due process, issue cease and desist order/s upon violator/s and to summarily eject, without the necessity of judicial order, the holder of FLA, other tenurial instrument, permit or license from areas of the public domain covered by such FLA, tenurial instrument, permit or license.

Section 133

Authority of the Director of the BFAR or the Duly Authorized Representative to Issue Notice of Violation and Order Confiscation. – In all cases of violations of this Code or other fishery laws, rules and regulations, the Director of the BFAR or the duly authorized representative, may issue notice of violation and order the confiscation of any fish, fishery species or aquatic resources illegally caught, taken or gathered, and all equipment, paraphernalia and gears in favor of the Department, academic institutions or LGUs and to dispose of the same in accordance with pertinent laws, rules, regulations and policies on the matter.

Section 134

Prohibition on the Issuance of Temporary Restraining Orders, Preliminary Injunctions, and Preliminary Mandatory Injunctions. – No injunction or restraining order from the Municipal Trial Courts and Regional Trial Courts shall lie against the Department and BFAR upon the ex parte motion or petition filed by any person or entity in the exercise by the Department and BFAR of its regulatory functions in support of the implementation of this Code.

Section 135

The Adjudication Committee may impose the following additional sanctions to the administrative penalties imposed for serious violations: (1) confiscation of fishing gear; (2) impoundment of fishing vessel; (3) temporary suspension or permanent revocation of license or permit; (4) temporary or permanent ban from the availment of applicable duty and tax rebates; (5) inclusion in the IUU fishing vessel list; (6) denial of entry and other port services; (7) blacklisting; and (8) increase in the amount of fines but not to exceed five (5) times the value of the catch. In case of repeated violations within a five-year period, the amount of fine may be increased up to eight (8) times the value of the catch. During the pendency of the administrative or the criminal case, the Department may impound the vessel/conveyance, gear and other paraphernalia used in the commission of the offense. In applying these accompanying sanctions, the Department shall take into account the seriousness of the violation as defined in Paragraph 82 of Section 4 of this Code, the habituality or repetition of violation, manner of commission of the offense, severity of the impact on the fishery resources and habitat, socioeconomic impact, cases of concealment or destruction of evidence, eluding arrest, resisting lawful orders, and other analogous circumstances. The overall level of sanctions and accompanying sanctions shall be calculated in a manner that is proportionate, effective and dissuasive to deprive the offender of the economic benefits derived from the serious violation.

Section 136

Fines and penalties imposed pursuant to this Code shall constitute a lien upon the personal and immovable properties of the violator.

Section 137

In case the offender is a municipal fisherfolk or has no property over which the Department may impose the fines and penalties prescribed for the offense, community service may be rendered in lieu of the fine. The Department shall promulgate the rules and regulations for this purpose, taking into account that the service should be rendered in accordance with needs of the community where the offense is committed and computed based on the fine and the prevailing minimum wage in the community, among others.

Section 138

For the purposes of enforcing the provisions of this Code and its implementing rules and regulations, any citizen may file an appropriate civil, criminal or administrative action in the proper courts/bodies against: (a) Any person who violates or fails to comply with the provisions of this Code, and its implementing rules and regulations; (b) The Department or other implementing agencies with respect to orders, rules and regulations issued inconsistent with this Act; and (c) Any public officer who willfully or grossly neglects the performance of a duty specifically enjoined by this Code and its implementing rules and regulations; or abuses authority in the performance of duty; or, in any manner improperly performs duties under this Code and its implementing rules and regulations: Provided, however, That no suit can be filed until after fifteen (15) days notice has been given the public officer and the alleged offender and no appropriate action has been taken thereon.

Section 139

A legal action filed to harass, vex, exert undue pressure, or stifle any legal recourse that any person, institution, or the government has taken or may take in the enforcement of this Code shall be treated as a Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation (SLAPP). The hearing on the defense of a SLAPP shall be summary in nature, the affirmative defense of a SLAPP shall be resolved within thirty (30) days after the summary hearing. If the court dismisses the action, the court may award damages, attorney’s fees, and costs of suit under a counterclaim if such has been filed. The dismissal shall be with prejudice. If the court rejects the defense of a SLAPP, the evidence adduced during the summary hearing shall be treated as evidence of the parties on the merits of the case. The action shall proceed in accordance with the Rules of Court. The Rules of Procedure for Environmental Cases shall govern the procedure in civil, criminal, and special civil actions involving the enforcement or violations of this Code including actions treated as a SLAPP as provided in this section.

Section 140

The Adjudication Committee shall enter in a Fisheries National Administrative Register, which shall be publicly available, all decisions, resolutions or orders involving violations of this Code, particularly serious violations committed by Philippine flagged vessels or by Philippine nationals and cases on poaching or involving foreigners, including the penalties imposed.